![]() ![]() ![]() And if you leave things like all the religious wars and all the merely adventurous explorations out of the human story, it will not only cease to be human at all but cease to be a story at all. It will be hard ‘to maintain that the Arctic explorers went north with the same material motive that made the swallows go south. It will be hard to maintain that the Crusaders went from their homes into a howling wilderness because cows go from a wilderness to a more comfortable grazing-ground. But so far from the movements that make up the story of man being economic, we may say that the story only begins where the motive of the cows and sheep leaves off. Sheep and goats may be pure economists in their external action at least but that is why the sheep has hardly been a hero of epic wars and empires thought worthy of detailed narration and even the more active quadruped has not inspired a book for boys called Golden Deeds of Gallant Goats or any similar title. Cows may be purely economic, in the sense that we cannot see that they do much beyond grazing and seeking better grazing-grounds and that is why a history of cows in twelve volumes would not be very lively reading. But it is such movements that make up the story of mankind and without them there would practically be no story at all. Man cannot live without the two props of food and drink, which support him like two legs but to suggest that they have been the motives of all his movements in history is like saying that the goal of all his military marches or religious pilgrimages must have been the Golden Leg of Miss Kilmansegg or the ideal and perfect leg of Sir Willoughby Patterne. It is like saying that because a man can only walk about on two legs, therefore he never walks about except to buy shoes and stockings. It consists simply of confusing the necessary conditions of life with the normal preoccupations of life, that are quite a different thing. The materialist theory of history, that all politics and ethics are the expression of economics, is a very simple fallacy indeed. ![]()
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